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Ravivarman (1266-1314), complete royal title Rāja Śri Ravivarman, Kulaśēkhara Perumāl, Samgrāmadhīra, Trkshatra Cudāmani, Vēgavati Nātha) was the ruler based in Vēnāṭu (Quilon), southern India between 1299-1314. He was a descendant of the Cēras (Perumāls) through his father Jayasimhadēva and was the son-in-law of the Pāndya ruler of Māravarman Kulaśēkhara.〔A. Sreedhara Menon ''A Survey of Kerala History'' National Book Stall, 1967〕 Ravivarman controlled large parts of south India for short period (1311-1314) by skilfully taking advantage of the weakening of the Pāndya kingdom and the Khaljī raids. Ravivarman paid a particular attention on the improvement of the port city Kollam/Kolamba (modern Quilon).〔〔''The Cambridge Shorter History of India.'' Volume I (To 1526) J. Allan, T. Wolseley Haig, H. H. Dodwell.〕 He is the last Vēnāṭu ruler came to the throne according to the patrilineal system of royal succession, for from the accession of the next ruler till the time of the last ruler of Travancore the matrilineal law of inheritance decided royal succession.〔A. Sreedhara Menon. ''Kerala History and its Makers''. D C Books, 1990〕 == Background == Vēnāṭu is the region lying between Trivandrum and Quilon in present day southern Kērala with its capital at latter place. It emerged as an independent kingdom after the decline of the Cēra (Perumāls) power in early 12th century.〔 In the 13th century, the Pāndyas of Madurai established their hegemony over Vēnāṭu Cēras. Pandya rulers such as Māravarman Kulaśēkhara (1268-1310) seem to have led a military expeditions against Vēnāṭu and captured the capital city Quilon.〔 The ruler of Vēnāṭu (under the Pandyas) during this period was Jayasimhadēva (Dēśinga) (''fl.'' 1266-67). He probably expanded his kingdom to the whole of present day Kērala. His queen Uma/Umma Dēvi, of the Kūpaka (Attingal) family, was a joint ruler with her husband. His death at Qulion signaled the outbreak of a long and disruptive civil war in Vēnāṭu between his sons and his nephews.〔〔 According to the Sanskrit inscriptions (in Grantha characters) at Ranganathasvamy Temple, Srirangam Ravivarman was born in the Saka year 1188 (as given in chronogram dehavyapya) corresponding to 1266-67 AD.〔It records that the king set up an image of Ranganatha, celebrated the festival of lights and provide for payment, on the day of Shatabhisha in the month of Kanya, i.e., Purattasi, of 100 panas each to 50 learned men. The inscription in verse, is said to have been composed by poet Bhushana.〕 Ravivarman, the son of Jayasimhadeva and Uma Dēvi, was a major contender to throne after the death of his father. Like other princes in the royal family, he was educated privately. He was adopted by the childless queen Āvani Amma of Āttingal.〔 Ravivarman came out successful in the civil war and ascended the throne of Quilon in 1299 (at the age of 33). For more than a decade, he ruled as a vassal under the Pāndya ruler Māravarman Kulaśēkhara, as is evidenced by the Trivandrum inscription in which he uses the Pāndya title ''Māravarma'' along with his name. He is also known to have married a daughter of the Pāndya ruler.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ravivarman Kulaśēkhara」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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